My-IELTS-subjective

第一部分：核心词汇与句型 (Vocabulary & Sentence Structures)

要写好流程图，你必须掌握三大语言工具：顺序词（连接步骤）、正确的时态语态（描述动作）以及目的与结果状语（解释关系）。

1. 顺序词：串联流程的骨架 (Sequencing Language)

这是流程图写作的生命线，它能引导读者清晰地理解流程的每一步。

• 开始阶段 (Beginning):

  1. First / Firstly / First of all: First, the raw materials are collected.
  2. To begin with / To start with: To begin with, cocoa beans are harvested from trees.
  3. The first step is / The process begins with: The first step is the collection of raw materials.
  4. The process commences with: The process commences with the sorting of the beans.

• 中间阶段 (Middle):

  1. Then / Next / After that: Then, the beans are roasted at a high temperature.
  2. Subsequently / Following this: Subsequently, the outer shell is removed.
  3. In the next/following stage: In the next stage, the inner part is crushed into a paste.
  4. Once / As soon as: Once the paste is formed, it is mixed with sugar and milk.
  5. At this point: At this point, the mixture is ready for conching.

• 结束阶段 (End):

  1. Finally / Lastly: Finally, the chocolate is poured into moulds and cooled.
  2. The final step is / The process ends with: The final step is the packaging of the chocolate bars.
  3. The process culminates in/with: The process culminates in the distribution of the final products to supermarkets.

2. 时态与语态：流程图的语法核心 (Tense and Voice)

这是区分高手和新手的关键点。

• 人造流程 (Man-made Process) → 使用“一般现在时被动语态” (Present Simple Passive)

  • 为什么？因为我们关心的是“东西被怎么样了”，而不是“谁去做的”。例如，我们关心的是“水泥被混合”，而不是“工人们混合水泥”。
  • 结构：is/are + 动词过去分词 (V-ed)
  1. The raw materials are transported to the factory. (原材料被运输到工厂)
  2. The mixture is heated in a large oven. (混合物被加热)
  3. The final product is packaged into boxes. (最终产品被包装)
  4. The glass bottles are sorted by colour and then are washed. (玻璃瓶被分类然后被清洗)

• 自然流程 (Natural Process) → 使用“一般现在时主动语态” (Present Simple Active)

  • 为什么？因为在自然界中，主语（如：动物、植物、云）本身就是动作的发出者。
  • 结构：主语 + 动词原形 (或第三人称单数)
    1. The female frog lays a large number of eggs in the water. (雌蛙产卵)
    2. The sun heats the surface of the ocean, causing evaporation. (太阳加热海面)
    3. The tadpole gradually develops legs. (蝌蚪逐渐长出腿)
    4. The caterpillar eats leaves and grows rapidly. (毛毛虫吃树叶并快速成长)

3. 目的与结果：让句子更连贯 (Purpose and Result)

只用顺序词会显得单调，用好从句和连词能让你的文章更流畅。

1. …in order to / so as to… (为了…)
   • 例句: The mixture is heated in order to remove any impurities.
2. …which results in… (这导致了…)
   • 例句: The paste is pressed, which results in the separation of cocoa butter and cocoa powder.
3. …leading to… (导致…) - 现在分词做结果状语
   • 例句: The clouds become heavy, leading to precipitation in the form of rain or snow.
4. …and is then… (然后被…) - 简化被动语态的连接
   • 例句: The liquid is cooled and is then poured into moulds.
5. After/Before + V-ing…
   • 例句: After being roasted, the beans are sent to the next stage.
6. Once/When + S + V…
   • 例句: Once the mixture is heated, it is transferred to a large container.

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第二部分：万能模板 (Universal Template)

流程图的模板相对固定，核心是把步骤有逻辑地分段。

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【段落一：引言 - 改写题目】

The diagram illustrates the process by which [在此处填入被制造物品的名称, e.g., cement is manufactured] / The diagram shows the life cycle of the [在此处填入生物名称, e.g., salmon].

• 备选句式:
  • The provided chart explains the various stages involved in the production of [物品名称].

【段落二：概述 - 总结首尾和阶段总数】

Overall, the process consists of [X] distinct stages, beginning with the [用名词描述第一步, e.g., collection of raw materials] and culminating in the [用名词描述最后一步, e.g., packaging of the final product].

• 概述技巧: 不用描述任何具体步骤，只需告诉读者这个流程的“起点”、“终点”和“总步数”（如果清晰可数的话）。

【段落三：主体段一 - 描述流程的前半部分】

To begin with, [描述第一步，注意时态语态]. Following this, [描述第二步]. In the subsequent stage, [描述第三步], which results in the formation of [某中间产物].

• 技巧: 通常一个流程可以很自然地被分成两部分。把前 3-4 个步骤放在这一段。

【段落四：主体段二 - 描述流程的后半部分】

Once the [某中间产物] is ready, it is then [描述第四步的动作]. Subsequently, [描述第五步]. The entire process concludes when the [最终产品] is finally [描述最后一步的动作] and is ready for distribution.

• 技巧: 继续描述剩下的步骤，并用一个漂亮的结尾句式来收尾。

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