第一部分：核心词汇与句型 (Vocabulary & Sentence Structures)
由于柱状图的灵活性，它的词汇库是之前所有图表的集大成者。我们重点关注最核心的“比较”功能。
1. 描述与比较柱子的高度/长度 (Comparing Bars)
这是柱状图最核心的技能，和表格图的“比较排序”几乎完全一样。
- the highest/tallest/longest bar represents…: The tallest bar represents sales in Germany, which stood at 5 million units.
- the lowest/shortest bar indicates…: The shortest bar indicates the number of students from Africa.
- A was significantly higher than B: The number of male participants was significantly higher than that of female participants.
- There was a stark/clear difference between A and B: There was a stark difference between the consumption of rice and potatoes.
- A was more than double/triple the figure for B: The revenue from software was more than double the figure for hardware.
- …closely followed by…: The most popular destination was France, closely followed by Spain.
- A and B had similar figures, at X and Y respectively: The UK and Australia had similar figures in terms of immigration, at 250,000 and 245,000 respectively.
- …while the figure for… was only…: Exports reached $50 billion, while the figure for imports was only $30 billion.
- …in comparison with…: The number was relatively small in comparison with the figure from the previous year.
- The gap between…and…: The gap between the two categories was negligible (可以忽略不计的).
2. 精准引述数据 (Stating Specific Values)
同样，你需要准确读出柱子顶端对应的数值。
- The figure for…reached…: The figure for China’s GDP growth reached 8%.
- …stood at approximately…: The number of tourists in 2020 stood at approximately 2 million.
- The value for…was…: The value for exports from Brazil was just over 40 billion dollars.
- …with a figure of…: Germany was the leading country with a figure of over 80 million.
- A reported X, compared to Y for B: The US reported 300 cases, compared to only 50 for Canada.
- The respective figures for A, B, and C were…: The respective figures for beef, lamb, and chicken were 50, 22, and 70 kg per person per year.
- …which was X: The bar for 2010 shows a total of 500, which was the highest in the chart.
- amounted to: Total spending amounted to nearly £1,000.
- had a value of: The ‘Others’ category had a value of just 15%.
- The X-axis shows…, while the Y-axis represents…: The X-axis shows the different countries, while the Y-axis represents the number of people in millions. (在引言中有时会用到)
3. 描述分组/堆叠柱状图 (For Grouped/Stacked Bars)
如果遇到更复杂的柱状图，你可以使用这些句式。
- Regarding/Concerning A,…: Regarding the male population, the highest number was seen in the 18-25 age group.
- The pattern for A was similar to B: The pattern for women across the five categories was similar to that for men.
- The total for… was comprised of…: The total energy production in 2010 was comprised of coal, gas, and renewables.
- A constituted the largest proportion of the bar for…: In the UK, oil constituted the largest proportion of the total energy usage.
- In the category of…, A was dominant: In the category of entertainment, spending by young people was dominant.
第二部分：万能模板 (Universal Template)
这个模板以最常见的类别比较型柱状图为基础，你可以根据具体情况灵活调整。
【段落一：引言 - 改写题目】
The bar chart compares [在此处填入被比较的类别, e.g., five different countries] in terms of [在此处填入衡量的指标, e.g., the amount of coffee they produced] in the year [年份].
- 备选句式:
- The chart illustrates data on
[在此处填入衡量的指标] for [在此处填入被比较的类别] over a [X]-year period starting from [年份]. (适用于时间轴柱状图)
【段落二：概述 - 总结最显眼的 1-2 个视觉特征】
Overall, it is immediately obvious that [在此处填入最高的柱子代表的类别] had by far the highest figure. In contrast, [在此处填入最矮的柱子代表的类别] had the lowest. It is also worth noting that [在此处填入另一个显著特征，如：某两类的数字非常接近 / 某个类别的数字远超其他所有类别的总和].
- 概述技巧: 你的眼睛第一眼看到了什么？最高的？最矮的？巨大的差距？把这些最直观的感受写下来，就是最好的概述。
【段落三：主体段一 - 描述最重要的 1-2 个类别】
Looking at the details, the figure for [在此处填入最高类别] was the most prominent, standing at approximately [数据]. This was significantly higher than the figure for the second-largest category, [在此处填入第二高类别], which was recorded at around [数据]. The number for [最高类别] was more than [e.g., three times] that of [在此处填入一个较低的类别，以作对比].
- 写作思路: 先说老大，再说老二，然后可以让老大和老小对比一下，凸显差距。
【段落四：主体段二 - 描述其余类别并进行分组比较】
The remaining categories had considerably lower figures. [在此处填入类别C] and [在此处填入类别D] showed very similar numbers, at [数据] and [数据] respectively. The least [e.g., popular choice / productive country] was [在此处填入最低类别], which accounted for a mere [数据], the lowest figure shown in the chart.
- 写作思路: 把剩下的“小弟们”打包处理。找一找它们之间有没有相似的，然后把最惨的那个单独拎出来说一下。